Government
Government
Country name
Conventional long form : Republic of Indonesia
Conventional short form : Indonesia
Local long form : Republik Indonesia
Local short form : Indonesia
Former : Netherlands East Indies, Dutch East Indies
Government type
Republic
Capital
Name : Jakarta
Geographic coordinates : 6.1805° S, 106.8283° E
Time difference : UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard
Time)
Note : Indonesia is divided into three time zones
Administrative divisions
31 provinces (provinsi-provinsi, singular - provinsi), 2 special regions* (daerah-daerah istimewa, singular - daerah istimewa), and 1 special capital city district** (daerah khusus ibukota); Aceh*, Bali, Banten, Bengkulu, Gorontalo, Jakarta Raya**, Jambi, Jawa Barat (West Java), Jawa Tengah (Central Java), Jawa Timur (East Java), Kalimantan Barat (West Kalimantan), Kalimantan Selatan (South Kalimantan), Kalimantan Tengah (Central Kalimantan), Kalimantan Timur (East Kalimantan), Kalimantan Utara (North Kalimantan), Kepulauan Bangka Belitung (Bangka Belitung Islands), Kepulauan Riau (Riau Islands), Lampung, Maluku, Maluku Utara (North Maluku), Nusa Tenggara Barat (West Nusa Tenggara), Nusa Tenggara Timur (East Nusa Tenggara), Papua, Papua Barat (West Papua), Riau, Sulawesi Barat (West Sulawesi), Sulawesi Selatan (South Sulawesi), Sulawesi Tengah (Central Sulawesi), Sulawesi Tenggara (Southeast Sulawesi), Sulawesi Utara (North Sulawesi), Sumatera Barat (West Sumatra), Sumatera Selatan (South Sumatra), Sumatera Utara (North Sumatra), Yogyakarta*
Note: following the implementation of decentralization beginning on 1 January 2001, regencies and municipalities have become the key administrative units responsible for providing most government services
Independence
17 August 1945 (declared); 27 December 1949 (recognized by the Netherlands); note - in August 2005 the Netherlands announced that it had recognized de facto Indonesian independence on 17 August 1945
National holiday
Independence Day, 17 August (1945)
Constitution
August 1945; abrogated by Federal Constitution of 1949 and Provisional Constitution of 1950, restored 5 July 1959; series of amendments concluded in 2002
Legal system
Civil law system based on the Roman-Dutch model and influenced by customary law
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Suffrage
17 years of age; universal and married persons regardless of age
Executive branch
Chief of state: President JOKO WIDODO (since 20 October 2014); Vice President JUSUF KALLA (since 20 October 2014); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
Head of government: President JOKO WIDODO (since 20 October 2014); Vice President JUSUF KALLA (since 20 October 2014)
Cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president named KABINET KERJA
Elections: president and vice president elected for five-year terms (eligible for a second term) by direct vote of the citizenry; election last held on 9 July 2014 (next to be held on April 2019)
Election results: JOKO WIDODO elected president; percent of vote - JOKO WIDODO – JUSUF KALLA 53.15%, PRABOWO - HATTA 46.85%
Legislative branch
People's Consultative Assembly (Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat or MPR) is the upper house; it consists of members of the DPR and DPD and has role in inaugurating and impeaching the president and in amending the constitution but does not formulate national policy; House of Representatives or Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) (560 seats, members elected to serve five-year terms), formulates and passes legislation at the national level; House of Regional Representatives (Dewan Perwakilan Daerah or DPD), constitutionally mandated role includes providing legislative input to DPR on issues affecting regions (136 members, four from each of Indonesia's 31 provinces, two special regions, and one special capital city district)
Elections: last held on 9 April 2014 (next to be held in 2019)
Election results: percent of vote by party - PDIP 18.95%, GOLKAR 14.75%, GERINDRA 11.81%, PARTAI DEMOKRAT 10.9%, PKB 9.04%, PAN 7.59%, PKS 6.79%, NASDEM 6.72%, PPP 6.53%, HANURA 5.26%, others 18.2%; seats by party - PDIP 109, GOLKAR 91, GERINDRA 73, PARTAI DEMOKRAT 61, PAN 49, PKB 47, PKS 40, PPP 39, NASDEM 35, HANURA 16
Note: Other parties received less than 2.5% of the vote so did not obtain any seats; because of election rules, the number of seats won does not always follow the percentage of votes received by parties
Judicial branch
Supreme Court or Mahkamah Agung is the final court of appeal but does not have the power of judicial review (justices are appointed by the president from a list of candidates selected by the legislature); in March 2004 the Supreme Court assumed administrative and financial responsibility for the lower court system from the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights; Constitutional Court or Mahkamah Konstitusi (invested by the president on 16 August 2003) has the power of judicial review, jurisdiction over the results of a general election, and reviews actions to dismiss a president from office; Labor Court under supervision of Supreme Court began functioning in January 2006; the Anti-Corruption Court has jurisdiction over corruption cases brought by the independent Corruption Eradication Commission
Political parties and leaders
Democrat Party or PD [SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO]; Functional Groups Party or GOLKAR [AIRLANGGA HARTANTO]; Great Indonesia Movement Party or GERINDRA [PRABOWO SUBIANTO]; Indonesia Democratic Party-Struggle or PDI-P [MEGAWATI SUKARNOPUTRI]; National Awakening Party or PKB [MUHAIMAN ISKANDAR]; National Mandate Party or PAN [ZULKIFLI HASAN]; People's Conscience Party or HANURA [OESMAN SAPTA ODANG]; Prosperous Justice Party or PKS [MOHAMAD SOHIBUL IMAN]; United Development Party or PPP [MUHAMMAD ROMAHURMUZIY]
Political pressure groups and leaders
Commission for the "Disappeared" and Victims of Violence or KontraS; Indonesia Corruption Watch or ICW; Indonesian Forum for the Environment or WALHI; Islamic Defenders Front or FPI; People's Democracy Fortress or Bendera
International organization participation
ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, BIS, CICA (observer), CP, D-8, EAS, FAO, G-11, G-15, G-20, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PIF (partner), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the Netherlands
Chief of mission: Ambassador H.E. I GUSTI AGUNG WESAKA PUJA
Chancery: Tobias Asserlaan 8, 2517KC, The Hague
Telephone: +31.70.3108100
Fax: +31.70.3643331
Flag description
Two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; the colors derive from the banner of the Majapahit Empire of the 13th-15th centuries; red symbolizes courage, white represents purity.
Note: similar to the flag of Monaco, which is shorter; also similar to the flag of Poland, which is white (top) and red
National anthem
Name : "Indonesia Raya" (Great Indonesia)
Lyrics/music : WAGE RUDOLF SOEPRATMAN
Note : adopted 1945
Group
All, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia
